中国关于联合国成立75周年立场文件（上）
Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China On the 75th Anniversary of the United Nations
2020年9月15日
Sep. 15, 2020
（来源：英语世界）
一、2020年是联合国成立75周年，也是世界反法西斯战争和中国人民抗日战争胜利75周年。75年前，世界各国人民以“欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸”的决心，建立了联合国这一最具普遍性、代表性、权威性的国际组织，确立了以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为核心的国际秩序和国际体系，掀开了世界和平与发展事业的新篇章。
I. The year 2020 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations (UN) and the 75th anniversary of the end of the World Anti-Fascist War and the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Seventy-five years ago, with the determination to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind”, we the peoples founded the UN as the most universal, representative and authoritative international organization and established an international order and system underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. Thus began a new era in mankind’s pursuit of peace and development.
75年来，联合国以和平为己任，建立并践行集体安全机制，积极开展斡旋调解，推动和平解决争端，向冲突地区部署70余项维和行动。在联合国的努力下，不少局部冲突得到控制，新的世界大战得以避免，世界总体保持75年的和平与稳定。
Over the past 75 years, with peace as its mission, the UN has set up and operated a collective security mechanism, engaged in active mediation to settle disputes peacefully and deployed over 70 peacekeeping missions to conflict zones. In the past three quarters of a century, the UN has been instrumental in mitigating regional conflicts, preventing new world wars, and maintaining overall peace and stability in the world.
75年来，联合国以发展为目标，顺应经济全球化趋势，动员全球资源，制定和实施千年发展目标和2030年可持续发展议程。在联合国的推动下，几十亿人口迈上现代化征程，天花等多种肆虐千年的传染病被根治，一大批发展中国家走上发展快车道。
Over the past 75 years, with development as its goal, the UN has capitalized on the trend of economic globalization and mobilized resources on a global scale to establish and implement the Millennium Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. With its help, billions of people are marching toward modernization. Smallpox and many other infectious diseases that plagued humanity for millennia were eradicated. A large number of developing countries moved into the fast lane of development.
75年来，联合国以公平为要义，坚持大小国家一律平等，努力将民主精神发扬光大。在联合国的旗帜下，193个会员国共同制定国际规则，共同治理全球事务，共同分享发展成果。
Over the past 75 years, with equity as its founding principle, the UN has promoted equality among countries, large and small, as well as the spirit of democracy. Under its auspices, the 193 Member States set international rules together, run global affairs together and share development fruits together.
当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局，新冠肺炎疫情全球大流行使这个大变局加速变化，世界进入动荡变革期。保护主义、单边主义和霸凌行径抬头，个别国家和政治势力急于“甩锅”“脱钩”“退群”，破坏国际合作，企图挑起意识形态和社会制度对抗，使世界陷入危险境地。但和平与发展仍是当今时代主题，新兴市场国家和发展中国家振兴的大势没有改变，世界走向多极化的大势没有改变，经济全球化在曲折中前行的大势也没有改变。
The COVID-19 pandemic is compounding the once-in-a-century transformations unfolding in our world. We are entering a period of turbulence and change, and witnessing the rise of protectionism, unilateralism and bullying practices. Certain countries and political forces keep playing the blame game, clamoring for “decoupling”, and pulling out of international organizations and agreements. What they are doing is sabotaging international cooperation, stoking confrontation between ideologies and social systems,and putting the world in serious jeopardy. Such actions notwithstanding, peace and development remain the theme of our times. The rise of emerging markets and developing countries remains unchanged, the trend toward a multi-polar world remains unchanged, and continuous economic globalization despite twists and turns remains unchanged.
在此背景下，各方要着眼“后疫情时代”，厘清人类将面对什么样的世界、世界需要什么样的联合国等重大问题，共同为子孙后代勾画出一幅新的美好蓝图。
In this context, all countries need to look beyond the pandemic and find answers to major questions such as what the world will look like and what kind of UN the world needs. We should all work together to draw a new and better blueprint for the sake of succeeding generations.
二、国际社会应以纪念联合国成立75周年为重要契机，以应对新冠肺炎疫情为新的出发点，重温联合国的初心使命，凝聚世界各国的共识，共同构建人类命运共同体，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
II. The 75th anniversary of the UN presents important opportunities. As the world battles COVID-19, it is all the more important to renew the founding mission of the UN, forge international consensus on building a community with a shared future for mankind, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity.
（一）各国应共同维护世界反法西斯战争胜利成果，反对任何开历史“倒车”行为，抵制单边主义、霸权主义和强权政治，坚定支持多边主义，坚定捍卫联合国宪章宗旨和原则，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系和以国际法为基础的国际秩序，推动国际关系民主化法治化合理化。
1. Countries should jointly uphold the outcome of World Anti-Fascist War and oppose any attempt to turn back the clock of history. We must reject unilateralism, hegemonism and power politics. We must champion multilateralism, safeguard the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, defend the UN-centered international system and the international order underpinned by international law, and work together to make international relations more democratic,rules-based and equitable.
（二）坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等，尊重各国人民自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，反对干涉别国内政，共同建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系。
2. All countries are equal, irrespective of their size, strength or wealth. We need to respect other countries’ independent choice of social system and development path, oppose interference in internal affairs, and promote a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness,justice and win-win cooperation.
（三）构建更加平等均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，巩固以联合国为核心、南北合作为主渠道、南南合作为补充的合作格局。加强减贫国际合作，将减贫置于2030年可持续发展议程全球落实更重要的位置，推动减贫目标尽早实现。维护以世贸组织为核心和基于规则的多边贸易体制，实现贸易投资自由化便利化，建设开放型世界经济，为推动可持续发展创造良好环境，推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、平衡、共赢的方向发展。
3. We need to work for a new model of international development partnership that is more equitable and balanced, and consolidate the cooperation architecture with the UN at its core, North-South cooperation as the main channel and South-South cooperation as a supplement. We should strengthen international cooperation on poverty reduction and prioritize this endeavor in implementing the 2030 Agenda so as to eradicate extreme poverty as early as possible. We must uphold the WTO-centered and rules-based multilateral trading regime, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and build an open world economy. We should all create an enabling environment for sustainable development and make economic globalization more open,inclusive,balanced and beneficial to all.
（四）针对新冠肺炎疫情暴露出来的短板和不足，完善公共卫生安全治理体系。提高突发卫生事件应急响应速度，建立全球和地区防疫物资储备中心。加强政策对话和交流，推动各方将人民生命安全和身体健康放在第一位，把公共卫生安全置于国际议程的优先位置，构建人类卫生健康共同体。
4. In view of the weaknesses and deficiencies exposed by COVID-19, we need to improve the governance system for public health security. We need to respond more quickly to public health emergencies and establish global and regional reserve centers of anti-epidemic supplies. We need to increase policy dialogue and exchange. All parties should put people’s life and health front and center, place public health security high on the international agenda,and build a global community of health for all.
（五）牢固树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的意识，推动人与自然和谐共生，实现经济、社会、环境的可持续发展和人的全面发展，建设全球生态文明。倡导绿色、低碳、循环、可持续的生产生活方式，采取行动应对气候变化，保护好人类赖以生存的地球家园。
5. We need to respect nature, follow its ways and protect it. We need to seek harmonious coexistence between man and nature, pursue sustainable development of economy, society and environment as well as well-rounded human development, and improve global ecological conservation. We need to encourage green, low-carbon, circular and sustainable ways of life and production, and address climate change with concrete actions to protect our shared planet.
（六）坚持共商共建共享的全球治理观，坚持会员国主导，以有效行动为导向，推动全球治理体系更好地反映国际格局的变化，更加平衡地反映大多数国家特别是新兴市场国家和发展中国家的意愿和利益，更为有效地应对全球性挑战。
6. We need to advocate consultation, cooperation and shared benefits in global governance and adopt a Member States-led and action-oriented approach to improve the global governance system. The aim is to make it better reflect the changing international landscape and the aspirations and interests of the majority of countries, especially emerging markets and developing countries,and to tackle global challenges more effectively.
三、第75届联合国大会是在特殊历史节点举行的一届重要联大。相关纪念活动以“我们想要的未来，我们需要的联合国：重申我们对多边主义的集体承诺”为主题，具有重要现实意义。中国希望各方能够聚焦这一主题，为国际和平与发展事业注入新动力，给世界人民带来希望和信心。
III. The 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, taking place at this special moment, carries great significance. “The Future We Want, the UN We Need: Reaffirming Our Collective Commitment to Multilateralism”, the theme of the commemoration events, is highly relevant. China hopes that all parties will focus on this theme, re-energize the international peace and development agenda, and bring hope and confidence to people around the world.
（一）加强团结，摒弃将疫情政治化、病毒标签化的做法，充分发挥世界卫生组织的关键领导作用，推进国际联防联控，合力抗击新冠肺炎疫情。加强信息沟通、政策沟通和行动协调，加快药物、疫苗、检测等方面科研攻关，力争早日取得突破性成果。有条件的国家要在做好常态化疫情防控前提下，遵照世卫组织专业建议，有序开展复工复产复学，同时根据疫情变化，及时有针对性作出调整。
1. We need to strengthen solidarity and reject any politicization or stigmatization associated with COVID-19. We should fully leverage the key leadership of the World Health Organization (WHO), and take concerted global action to combat the disease. We need to increase information sharing, policy communication and action coordination, speed up the research and development of medicines, vaccines and testing, and strive for earlier breakthroughs. While maintaining vigilance against the virus, countries where conditions permit may reopen businesses and schools in an orderly fashion in compliance with WHO’s professional recommendations, and make timely and calibrated adjustments as the COVID-19 situation evolves.
（二）以开启2030年可持续发展目标“行动十年”为契机，支持联合国相关努力，将发展置于国际合作核心位置，聚焦发展中国家普遍关心的减贫、粮食安全、教育、卫生等领域，为发展中国家筹集更多发展资源，提供资金、技术和能力建设支持，创造良好外部发展环境。
2. This year marks the beginning of the Decade of Action to deliver the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We need to support relevant UN endeavors and put development at the center of international cooperation. Efforts should focus on poverty reduction, food security, education, health and other areas of common concern for developing countries. More resources should be pooled to support developing countries, including in funding, technology and capacity-building. They deserve a better external environment.
国际社会要高度重视新冠肺炎疫情对发展中国家的影响，采取共同行动，帮助有关国家集中资源应对疫情、稳定经济，如期实现可持续发展目标。中方正同二十国集团成员一道落实“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”，呼吁在此基础上进一步延长缓债期限。要加大对疫情特别重、压力特别大的国家的支持力度，国际金融机构和商业债权人要采取实际行动参与缓债减债工作，形成合力。
The impact of COVID-19 on developing countries deserves great attention from the international community. There must be joint actions to help countries in need pool resources to tackle COVID-19, stabilize the economy, and realize the SDGs as planned. China is working with other G20 members to implement the Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the poorest countries. And we call for debt suspension over a longer time-frame. We need to bolster support for the hardest-hit countries under the greatest debt strain, and encourage international financial institutions and private creditors to take concrete actions to help this effort.
（三）国际社会应全面、精准解读和有效落实《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《巴黎协定》，持续推动完善公平合理、合作共赢的气候治理体系。生物多样性丧失和生态系统退化对人类发展构成重大风险。中国作为《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会主席国，愿与各方共同推动大会达成既具雄心又平衡务实的“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”。
3. The international community should work toward full and faithful interpretation and effective implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement, and advance toward an equitable climate governance regime that is cooperative and beneficial to all. Biodiversity loss and the deterioration of the ecosystem pose grave risks to human development. As the host of the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, China stands ready to work with all parties for an ambitious, balanced and action-oriented post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
（四）2020年是北京世界妇女大会召开25周年。国际社会要以此为契机，继续推进落实北京宣言和行动纲领，同时在抗击疫情中把保障妇女和女童权益置于重要地位，让性别平等落在实处。联合国应在消除暴力歧视和贫困、解决性别数字鸿沟等问题上加大投入，同时提高妇女在联合国系统中的代表性。
4. This year marks the 25th anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women. The international community should further the implementation of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, and highlight the protection of women and girls’ rights and interests in COVID-19 response. The UN should focus more on ending violence, discrimination and poverty and bridging the digital gender divide, and increase the representation of women in the UN system.
（五）中方欢迎古特雷斯秘书长实现全球停火的倡议，呼吁冲突各方尽快停火止暴。安理会要发挥国际集体安全机制作用，承担维护国际和平与安全首要责任，推动政治解决地区热点问题。中方坚决反对动辄使用武力或以武力相威胁，反对搞单边制裁和“长臂管辖”。任何强制行动都应由安理会授权。联合国应提高维和行动履行授权能力，坚持维和行动三原则，帮助冲突后国家实现持久和平。
5. China welcomes the global ceasefire appeal by Secretary-General António Guterres and calls for ceasefire and cessation of violence by all relevant parties as soon as possible. The Security Council needs to act as the international collective security mechanism, assume primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and work for the political settlement of regional issues. China strongly opposes any unfounded threat or use of force, unilateral sanctions and long-arm jurisdiction. No enforcement action shall be taken without Security Council authorization. The UN needs to improve the capacity of peacekeeping operations to fulfill their mandate, observe the three principles of “consent of parties, impartiality, and non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate”, and help post-conflict countries build lasting peace.
巴勒斯坦问题是中东问题的核心。中方支持巴勒斯坦人民建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、拥有完全主权的、独立的巴勒斯坦国，支持巴勒斯坦以国家身份更多参与国际事务。中方坚定支持巴方正义诉求，支持一切有利于解决巴勒斯坦问题的努力。中方主张坚持“两国方案”正确方向，以联合国有关决议、“土地换和平”、“阿拉伯和平倡议”等国际共识和准则为基础，推动巴以进行平等对话和谈判。国际社会应秉持客观公正立场，加大促和力度。
The Palestinian issue is at the heart of the Middle East issue. China supports the Palestinian people’s efforts to establish an independent Palestinian state that enjoys full sovereignty on the basis of the 1967 borders and with East Jerusalem as its capital. We support Palestine’s greater participation in international affairs as a state. We also support Palestine’s legitimate demands and all efforts that are conducive to the settlement of the Palestinian issue. The two-state solution is the right way forward. Dialogue and negotiation between Palestine and Israel as equal parties should be advanced on the basis of relevant UN resolutions, the “land for peace” principle and the Arab Peace Initiative, among other international consensus and norms. More efforts are needed from the international community to promote peace in an objective and impartial manner.
伊朗核问题全面协议业经联合国安理会第2231号决议核可，是多边外交的重要成果，也是国际核不扩散体系的关键要素。维护全面协议有助于维护多边主义，维护以国际法为基础的国际秩序，维护中东地区和平与稳定。中国坚定维护安理会决议的权威性，坚定维护全面协议的有效性。安理会第2231号决议的所有规定，包括解除武器禁运有关安排应得到认真执行。已经退出全面协议的国家无权单方面启动安理会对伊朗快速恢复制裁机制。中国将同有关各方及国际社会一道，继续维护全面协议和安理会决议，维护多边主义，推动伊朗核问题的政治外交解决。
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), endorsed by the Security Council in Resolution 2231, is an important outcome of multilateral diplomacy and a key element of the global non-proliferation architecture. Upholding the JCPOA is conducive to safeguarding multilateralism, the international system underpinned by international law, and peace and stability in the Middle East. China firmly upholds the authority of UNSCR2231 and the validity of the JCPOA. All stipulations in UNSCR 2231, including provisions on the lifting of arms embargo, should be implemented in good faith. The country which pulled out of the JCPOA has no legal right to trigger the “snapback” mechanism to reimpose sanctions on Iran unilaterally. China will work with the parties concerned and the broader international community to uphold the JCPOA and UNSCR 2231, safeguard multilateralism, and seek a political and diplomatic settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue.
政治方式是解决阿富汗问题的唯一正确途径。中方一贯坚定支持“阿人主导、阿人所有”的和平和解进程，鼓励并推动阿富汗相关各方通过广泛包容性对话谈判，自主选择未来国家安排，使阿富汗不再成为恐怖主义和极端主义的滋生地或庇护所，早日实现持久和平与全面发展。外国在阿富汗驻军应以有序、负责任方式撤出。国际社会应加强协调配合，加大投入，助力阿富汗和平和解与重建进程。
Political settlement is also the only way forward for Afghanistan. China supports the Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace and reconciliation process. We encourage and support broad-based and inclusive dialogue and talks among relevant parties in Afghanistan, and hope that they will make independent decisions on the country’s future, prevent the country from relapsing into a breeding ground or shelter for terrorism and extremism, and achieve lasting peace and all-round development at an early date. The withdrawal of foreign troops should be conducted in an orderly and responsible manner. The international community needs to step up coordination and increase input to facilitate peace,reconciliation and reconstruction in the country.
（编辑：王鑫）