中国关于联合国成立75周年立场文件（下）
Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China On the 75th Anniversary of the United Nations
2020年9月15日
Sep. 15, 2020
（来源：英语世界）
（六）核武器国家应重申“核战争打不赢，也打不得”理念，放弃先发制人为核心的核威慑政策，降低核武器在国家安全政策中的作用，停止发展和部署全球反导系统，防止外空武器化和外空军备竞赛，促进全球战略平衡与稳定。美国退出《中导条约》并谋求在海外部署陆基中导，将严重破坏全球战略稳定，损害国际和地区和平安全。中方对此坚决反对。核裁军应遵循“维护全球战略稳定”和“各国安全不受减损”原则，循序渐进加以推进。拥有最大核武库的国家对核裁军负有特殊、优先责任，应延长《美俄关于进一步削减和限制进攻性战略武器措施的条约》，并在此基础上进一步大幅削减核武库。所谓的中美俄三边军控谈判既不公平，也不合理，中国不会参加。国际社会应共同维护《不扩散核武器条约》权威性和有效性，推动第十次审议大会取得积极成果。应坚定支持《全面禁止核试验条约》，推动条约早日生效。应坚持多边主义，充分发挥联合国引领作用，切实遵守《不扩散核武器条约》《禁止生物武器公约》《禁止化学武器公约》以及安理会第1540号决议，建立公正、包容的国际防扩散体系。
6. Bearing in mind that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought”, nuclear-weapon states should abandon nuclear deterrence policies based on preemptive moves, reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national security policy, stop developing and deploying global anti-ballistic missile systems, and prevent weaponization and arms race in the outer space. These efforts are essential for global strategic balance and stability. The United States withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty and its attempt to deploy land-based intermediate-range missiles overseas will severely disrupt global strategic stability and undermine international and regional peace and security. China firmly opposes such moves. In nuclear disarmament, countries should follow a step-by-step approach based on the principles of “maintaining global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all countries”. Countries with the largest nuclear arsenals have special and primary responsibilities in nuclear disarmament. They should extend the New START Treaty and make further cuts to their nuclear stockpile. China will not accede to the unfair and unreasonable call to join any of the so-called trilateral arms control negotiations with the United States and Russia. Countries should work together to uphold the authority and efficacy of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and strive for positive outcomes at the tenth NPT review conference. We should firmly support the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and its early entry into force. We should uphold multilateralism, fully leverage the lead role of the UN, and faithfully observe the NPT, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, and UN Security Council Resolution 1540. The aim is to build a just and inclusive international non-proliferation regime.
（七）应对非传统安全威胁需要全球性合作。要对全球恐怖主义的回潮保持警惕，国际反恐合作只能加强不能削弱。反恐应坚持综合施策，标本兼治，消除恐怖主义滋生土壤。不应将恐怖主义、极端主义与特定国家、民族、宗教挂钩，更不能在反恐问题上采取双重标准。新冠肺炎疫情对全球生物安全治理敲响警钟。各国要加强合作，防范生物武器和生物恐怖主义威胁，促进生物科技健康发展，造福人类。新冠肺炎疫情对全球粮食安全造成负面影响。各国要推进农业现代化，提高农业生产能力，开展国际农业合作，共同建立公平合理、持续稳定的农业贸易秩序，加强对发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家农业技术、资金等支持，切实提升有关国家粮食安全保障水平。
7. Global cooperation is needed to address non-traditional security threats. We must guard against the resurgence of terrorism around the world. International counter-terrorism cooperation can only be strengthened, not weakened. Combating terrorism requires a holistic strategy that addresses both the symptoms and root causes to remove its breeding ground. Terrorism and extremism should not be linked with any particular country, ethnicity or religion, and there should not be any double standards. COVID-19 sounded the alarm on global biosecurity governance. Countries should work more closely to prevent the threat of biological weapons and bioterrorism and promote the sound development of biotechnology for the benefit of mankind. The COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on global food security. It is imperative that countries further modernize the agricultural sector, increase productivity, engage in international cooperation and work together for an equitable, reasonable, sustainable and stable agricultural trade order. More technological and financial support should be given to developing countries, especially the least developed countries, to better safeguard food security in these countries.
（八）国际社会要在相互尊重、平等互利基础上，加强对话合作，把网络空间用于促进经济社会发展、国际和平与稳定和人类福祉，反对网络战和网络军备竞赛，共同建立和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间。当务之急是在联合国框架内制定各方普遍接受的网络空间国际行为准则。中方反对任何国家滥用“国家安全”理由，限制正常信息通信技术发展与合作。
8. The international community should step up dialogue and cooperation, on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit, to use cyberspace for economic and social development, international peace and stability, and global well-being. It is essential to oppose cyber war and arms race and to foster a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace. The pressing task is to develop an international code of conduct for cyberspace that is acceptable to all. China opposes any country’s overstretching the concept of national security to restrict normal information and communications technology (ICT) development and cooperation.
当前，信息技术革命日新月异，数字经济蓬勃发展。同时，数据安全的风险和挑战也日益突出，亟需达成反映大多数国家意愿和利益的全球规则。为此，中方提出《全球数据安全倡议》，主要内容包括：反对利用信息技术破坏他国关键基础设施或窃取重要数据；采取措施防范制止利用信息技术侵害个人信息，反对滥用信息技术从事针对他国的大规模监控；鼓励并尊重企业自主决定数据存储地，不得强制要求本国企业将境外数据存储在境内；未经他国允许不得直接向企业或个人调取境外数据；企业不得在产品和服务中设置后门。中方呼吁各国政府和企业支持中方倡议，共同担当数字时代的全球责任，实现合作共赢、共同发展。
The ICT revolution is advancing rapidly, and the digital economy is thriving. Together with them come increasingly salient risks and challenges to data security. It is urgent to make international rules in this area that reflect the views and interests of the majority of countries. To this end, China proposes the Global Initiative on Data Security, which mainly includes:
—standing against ICT activities that impair or steal important data of other States’ critical infrastructure;
—taking actions to prevent and put an endto activities that jeopardize personal information through the use of ICTs and opposing massive surveillance over other States with ICTs as a tool;
— encouraging and respecting companies’ independent decision to choose data storage location, and refraining from forcing domestic companies to store data gathered and obtained overseas in their own territory;
— refraining from obtaining data located in other States through companies or individuals without other States’ permission; and
—ICT products and service providers should not install backdoors in their products and services.
China calls on all governments and companies to support this Initiative, jointly shoulder global responsibility in the digital era, and realize win-win cooperation and common development.
（九）5G网络安全是技术问题，应根据事实做出科学的分析判断。5G市场准入应由市场和企业作出决定，各国应对5G企业采取非歧视性做法，坚持自由贸易和市场竞争原则，为所有企业提供一个开放、公平、公正、非歧视的营商环境，而不应将5G问题政治化，不应滥用国家安全排除、限制特定企业。5G技术和其他科学技术一样，属于全人类，也应该让它造福全人类。
9. 5G security is a technical issue. Any related assessment and conclusion should therefore be made based on facts and science. Access to the 5G market should be decided by the market and companies involved. As for governments, they should treat all 5G companies in a non-discriminatory manner, uphold the principles of free trade and market competition, and enable an open, fair, just and non-discriminatory business environment. No government should politicize 5G, or abuse the notion of national security to exclude or restrict a particular company. Like other technologies, 5G belongs to mankind and should be used to benefit all.
（十）各国应在平等和相互尊重基础上开展国际人权合作，反对将人权政治化和搞双重标准。人权理事会等联合国机构应秉持公正、客观、非选择性原则，促进各国人权交流合作，平衡推进两类人权特别是生存权和发展权。当前要重点解决国际社会高度关切的相关国家警察暴力执法、疫情中保障民众生命权和健康权不力、种族歧视等问题，真正实现“人人得享人权”的崇高理想。
10. Countries should conduct international human rights cooperation onthe basis of equality and mutual respect, and reject the politicization of human rights and the practice of double standards. The Human Rights Council and other UN agencies should work in an impartial, objective and non-selective manner, facilitate international exchanges and cooperation on human rights, and promote balanced progress of the two categories of human rights, especially the rights to subsistence and development. Under the current circumstances, it is imperative to address police brutality, failure in protecting people’s rights to life and health during the COVID-19 response, and racial discrimination in certain countries, issues that have caused grave concerns of the international community. Only in this way can we realize the lofty goal of “human rights for all”.
（十一）要发挥联合国及难民署等多边机构主渠道作用，切实落实好《难民问题全球契约》，根据共同但有区别的责任原则，为解决难民问题承担相应责任。要解决战乱冲突、贫穷落后等根源性问题，为难民自愿、安全、可持续返乡创造有利条件。发展不平衡是移民的重要根源，同时移民也是实现发展的重要动力。应重视解决造成非正常移民的发展根子，把促进可持续发展作为第一要务，贯穿于全球移民治理全进程。移民来源国、过境国和目的地国应以落实《移民问题全球契约》为契机，加强协调配合。《移民问题全球契约》落实进程应坚持尊重主权原则，充分考虑各国国情，兼顾各方利益。
11. Countries should support the UN, UNHCR and other multilateral organizations as the main channel in addressing the refugee issue. Countries should work to ensure the effective implementation of the Global Compact of Refugees, and do their part under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. It is important to address war, conflict, poverty, underdevelopment and other root causes, and create conditions for the voluntary,safe and sustainable return of refugees. While unbalanced development is the main underlying cause of migration, migration has been a key driver for development. Efforts must be focused on development issues that lie at the heart of irregular migration, and prioritize sustainable development throughout the process of global migration governance. Countries of origin, transit and destination should step up coordination and collaboration as they implement the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. The implementation of the Compact must be based on respect for national sovereignty, take into full account conditions of different countries, and accommodate the interests of all parties.
（十二）中方支持国际知识产权发展事业发展，致力于不断完善知识产权全球治理体系，推动构建共商共建共享的知识产权全球治理格局。中国将永远做知识产权国际合作的积极倡导者、推动者、实践者，做知识产权国际规则的坚定维护者、参与者和建设者。面对新冠肺炎疫情，各国应继续加强知识产权保护国际合作，共同应对疫情挑战，为各国创新主体和市场主体创造良好创新生态环境。
12. China supports better protection of intellectual property (IP) in the world. China is committed to improving the global governance system for intellectual property and promoting global IP governance featuring consultation, cooperation and shared benefits. China will remain an active advocate, promoter and player in global cooperation on intellectual property and a staunch defender, participant and contributor of international IP rules. In the face of COVID-19, countries need to step up international cooperation on IP protection, jointly address the challenges brought by the virus, and help create an enabling environment for innovators and market entities of all countries.
（十三）中国赞赏并支持联合国秘书长古特雷斯近年来推动联合国系统改革的努力。联合国要顺应当前新形势新任务，凝聚各方对多边主义的承诺，按有关决议授权，提高自身运行效率，增强应对全球性挑战的能力，增强发展系统支持会员国落实2030年议程的能力，加强监督和问责，并在职员分布、资源投向等方面切实反映发展中成员占联合国会员国五分之四、人口占全球80%的需求和利益，全面回应国际社会期待。
13. China appreciates and supports the efforts of Secretary-General António Guterres in advancing the reforms of the United Nations in recent years. The UN needs to respond to the new situation and new tasks, and rally all parties together in a commitment to multilateralism. According to the mandates of relevant resolutions, the UN should work to improve efficiency, enhance its ability to respond to global challenges, strengthen the capacity of its development system to support Member States in implementing the 2030 Agenda, and enhance oversight and accountability. In terms of staff representation and resources distribution, the needs and interests of developing countries should be reflected as they account for four-fifths of the UN membership and 80% of the world population. All possible efforts should be made to meet the expectations from the international community.
四、中国是联合国创始会员国，是第一个在联合国宪章上签字的国家。作为最大的发展中国家和安理会常任理事国，中国积极践行联合国的崇高理想，不断促进人类和平与发展的伟大事业，以实际行动推动构建人类命运共同体。
IV. China is a founding member of the UN and the first country to sign the Charter. As the largest developing country and a permanent member of the Security Council, China embraces the lofty ideals of the UN by contributing to humanity’s cause of peace and development and promoting with concrete actions a community with a shared future for mankind.
（一）中国坚持走和平发展道路，不搞侵略扩张，不谋求势力范围，致力于在和平共处五项原则基础上同所有国家发展友好合作，同时坚定维护国家主权和民族尊严，坚定维护自身正当权益，坚定维护国际公平正义。
1. China follows a path of peaceful development. We have never sought invasion, territorial expansion or spheres of influence. We are committed to developing friendship and cooperation with all countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. At the same time, we will firmly defend China’s sovereignty and dignity, uphold China’s legitimate rights and interests, and safeguard international justice and equity.
中国积极参与朝鲜半岛核、伊朗核、阿富汗、缅甸、中东、叙利亚等重大地区热点问题的解决，不断探索和实践具有中国特色的解决国际和地区热点问题之道。中国参与30余项维和行动，累计派出4万余人次维和人员，目前派出人员在安理会常任理事国中位居首位。中国维和部队纪律严明，素质优良，受到联合国和驻在国高度评价。
China actively looks for the settlement of major regional hotspots such as the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, Afghanistan, Myanmar, the Middle East, and Syria. As we pursue solutions to global and regional hotspot issues, we seek to do it in a Chinese way. China has dispatched more than 40,000 peacekeepers to over 30 missions, contributing more peacekeepers than any other permanent member of the Security Council. The Chinese peacekeepers are highly commended by both the UN and the host countries for their strict discipline and professionalism.
（二）中国解决了14亿人的温饱问题，今年将实现中国现行标准下农村贫困人口全部脱贫，全面建成小康社会，这是对人类发展事业作出的伟大贡献。中方秉持“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念，全面推进2030年议程国内落实工作。率先发布落实议程的国别方案和两期进展报告，在多个领域实现早期收获。中方推动各国将发展置于全球宏观政策框架核心位置，不断深化“一带一路”倡议与2030年议程对接。在南南合作框架内，积极为其他发展中国家落实2030年议程提供力所能及的帮助。
2. China has ensured that the basic needs of its 1.4 billion people are met. This year, China will lift out of poverty all of its rural residents living below the current poverty line, and complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. This will be a great contribution to human progress. China is advancing the implementation of the 2030 Agenda at home in all respects, in line with its new philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. China is among the first to have published a National Plan and two Progress Reports on the implementation of the Agenda, and has achieved early harvests in many areas. China is working with other countries to put development front and center in the global macro policy framework and seek greater synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda. China is helping other developing countries within the South-South cooperation framework with their implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
中国将继续奉行互利共赢的开放战略，同世界各国分享发展经验与机遇。我们将利用好本土疫情防控取得的重大战略成果和率先复工复产的契机，致力于发展更高水平的开放型世界经济，加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，助力全球经济复苏，给各国发展带来新机遇。
China will continue to pursue a win-win strategy of opening-up and share its development experience and opportunities with countries around the world. China’s effective COVID-19 response and head start in business reopening gives us a good opportunity topromote anopen world economy at a higher level and foster a new, dual-cycle development architecture with the domestic cycle as the mainstay and with domestic and international development reinforcing each other. Such efforts will contribute to global economic recovery and bring new development opportunities to the rest of the world.
（三）人民幸福生活是最大的人权。中国始终尊重和保障人权，坚持把人权普遍性与特殊性相结合，坚持民主和民生相促进、和平与发展相协调，坚持在发展进程中促进和保护人权，走出一条符合中国国情的人权发展道路。中国在大力推进自身人权事业发展的同时，始终坚持平等互信、包容互鉴、合作共赢、共同发展的理念，积极参与联合国人权事务，认真履行国际人权义务，广泛开展国际人权合作，积极为全球人权治理提供中国智慧、中国方案。
3. No human right is more important than the right to a happy life. As a country that respects and safeguards human rights, China applies the universal principles of human rights in light of the national context, promotes the mutually reinforcing development of democracy and people’s well-being, and pursues peace and development in parallel. It is committed to promoting and protecting human rights through greater development. This is a path of human rights development that suits China’s national reality. While vigorously promoting human rights at home, China follows the principles of equality, mutual trust, inclusiveness, mutual learning, win-win cooperation and common development. It takes an active part in UN human rights affairs, earnestly fulfills its international human rights obligations, and carries out extensive international cooperation on human rights. It is contributing Chinese wisdom and solutions to global governance on human rights.
（四）中国坚定维护以联合国为核心的全球治理体系，坚定维护以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基石的国际关系基本准则，坚定维护联合国权威和地位，坚定维护联合国在国际事务中的核心作用。中国加入了几乎所有普遍性政府间国际组织，加入了500多项国际公约，忠实履行国际义务，严格恪守国际承诺。中国将同国际社会一道，同破坏国际秩序、践踏国际规则的行径坚决斗争。
4. China is firmly committed to safeguarding the UN-centered global governance system, the basic norms of international relations underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, the authority and stature of the UN, and the central role of the UN in international affairs. As a member to nearly all universal inter-governmental organizations and a signatory to over 500 international conventions, China has faithfully fulfilled its international obligations and honored its international commitments. China will work with the global community to fight back attempts to undermine the international order or trample on international rules.
（五）面对新冠肺炎疫情，中方积极响应联合国发起的全球人道应对计划，向世界卫生组织提供5000万美元现汇援助，向150多个国家和国际组织提供物资援助，向200多个国家和地区出口防疫物资。习近平主席在第73届世界卫生大会开幕式宣布两年内提供20亿美元国际援助、与联合国合作在华设立全球人道主义应急仓库和枢纽、建立30个中非对口医院合作机制、中国新冠疫苗研发完成并投入使用后将作为全球公共产品、同二十国集团成员一道落实“暂缓最贫困国家债务偿付倡议”等重要举措，中方将不折不扣落实，为推动构建人类卫生健康共同体作出贡献。
5. In the face of COVID-19, China has actively responded to the UN-initiated Global Humanitarian Response Plan: a cash donation of US$50 million to WHO, assistance in kind to over 150 countries and international organizations, and medical exports to more than 200 countries and regions. At the opening of the 73rd World Health Assembly, President Xi Jinping announced that China will provide US$2 billion in international assistance over two years, work with the UN to set up a global humanitarian response depot and hub in China, establish a cooperation mechanism for its hospitals to pair up with 30 African hospitals, make China’s COVID-19 vaccine development and deployment, when available, a global public good, and work with other G20 members to implement the Debt Service Suspension Initiative for the poorest countries. China will implement these measures in letter and spirit, and contribute to the building of a global community of health for all.
（六）中国在面临改善民生等艰巨发展任务同时，积极承担符合自身发展阶段和国情的国际责任，实施了一系列应对气候变化政策行动，提前完成2020年气候行动目标，为全球应对气候变化作出重大贡献。中国一贯积极参与全球气候治理，是《联合国气候变化框架公约》的首批缔约国，并为达成《京都议定书》《巴黎协定》及其实施细则作出重要贡献。在中方与各方共同努力下，2019年联合国气候变化马德里会议上达成了坚持多边主义、反映各方气候治理共识的一系列决定，为后续谈判奠定了基础。
6. While facing formidable development tasks at home such as improving people’s well-being, China has readily taken international responsibilities commensurate to its development stage and national conditions, and has taken a host of policy actions in response to climate change. China’s climate target for 2020 has been met ahead of schedule, a significant contribution to the global response to climate change. An active participant in global climate governance, China is among the first state parties to the UNFCCC, and has made important contribution to the conclusion of the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement and its implementation guidelines. Thanks to the concerted efforts of China and other parties, the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Madrid produced a set of decisions that upheld multilateralism and reflected the consensus on climate governance, laying the groundwork for follow-up negotiations.
（七）2015年，习近平主席在联合国成立70周年系列峰会上，宣布了支持联合国事业的一系列重大倡议和举措，目前均已得到落实。
7. At the 2015 summit meetings commemorating the 70th anniversary of the United Nations, President Xi Jinping announced a host of important initiatives and measures in support of the work of the UN. All of them have now been delivered on the ground.
中国8000人规模维和待命部队和300人规模常备维和警队在联合国完成注册，已有6支维和待命分队晋升为三级待命部队。中国已成为联合国维和待命部队中数量最多、分队种类最齐全的国家。中国－联合国和平与发展基金开展了80多个项目，使用资金规模6770万美元，为联合国维和、反恐、能源、农业、基建、卫生、教育等领域工作提供支持。
China has registered an 8,000-strongstandby force and a 300-member permanent police squad for UN peacekeeping missions. Six of its standby contingents have been elevated to Level Three in the UN Peacekeeping Capability Readiness System. As such, China now has the biggest standby force and most varieties of contingents among all UN Member States. The China-UN Peace and Development Fund has provided a total of US$67.7 million for over 80 projects, supporting the UN’s efforts in areas such as peacekeeping, counter-terrorism, energy, agriculture, infrastructure, health and education.
中国为发展中国家提供180个减贫项目、118个农业合作项目、178个促贸援助项目、103个生态保护和应对气候变化项目、134所医院和诊所、123所学校和职业培训中心。南南合作援助基金在30多个发展中国家实施80余个项目，为全球可持续发展注入动力。中国向联合国妇女署捐款1000万美元，成为捐款最多的发展中国家。我们完成133个“妇幼健康工程”，邀请3万多名发展中国家妇女来华培训，为世界妇女事业作出重要贡献。
China has assisted other developing countries with 180 poverty reduction projects, 118 agricultural cooperation projects, 178 aid-for-trade projects, 103 projects on ecological conservation and climate change, 134 hospitals and clinics, and 123 educational and vocational training institutes. The South-South Cooperation Assistance Fund has supported over 80 projects in more than 30 developing countries, injecting impetus for global sustainable development. China has also made important contribution to women’s development in the world. With a donation of US$10 million to UN Women, China is the largest contributor among developing countries. It has completed 133 health projects for women and children and invited over 30,000 women from other developing countries to training programs in China.
在新形势下，中国将继续履行大国责任，展现大国担当，做出大国贡献，提供更多全球公共产品，为世界和平与发展事业添砖加瓦。我们愿同世界各国一道，坚持和弘扬多边主义，共同推动联合国重整行装再出发，共同构建人类命运共同体！
Under the new circumstances, China will continue to shoulder its responsibilities and make its contribution as a major country. It will provide more global public goods and contribute its share to world peace and development. China will work with countries around the world to uphold and carry forward multilateralism, join the UN on a new journey with renewed commitments, and build a community with a shared future for mankind.
（编辑：王鑫）